Psychological and Organizational Determinants of Employee Performance in an Indonesian Sharia Cooperative: The Roles of Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, Goal Orientation, and Compensation
Keywords:
employee performance, self-efficacy, goal orientation, compensation, Sharia cooperativeAbstract
Background: Employee performance is a critical determinant of organizational effectiveness and long-term sustainability. Both individual psychological attributes and organizational factors have been recognized as important drivers of employee performance. However, studies examining the combined effects of self-efficacy, locus of control, goal orientation, and compensation within a single structural model remain limited, particularly in the context of Indonesian Sharia savings and loan cooperatives. Understanding these relationships is essential for developing effective human resource management strategies that enhance workforce performance. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of self-efficacy, locus of control, goal orientation, and compensation on the performance of operational employees in an Indonesian Sharia savings and loan cooperative. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 93 operational employees. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 3. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results: The findings showed that self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on employee performance (T = 2.404, p = 0.017). Likewise, locus of control (T = 2.630, p = 0.009), goal orientation (T = 5.424, p < 0.001), and compensation (T = 5.882, p < 0.001) each demonstrated significant positive effects on employee performance. Collectively, these variables explained 85.4% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.854), indicating a strong predictive model. Conclusion: Self-efficacy, locus of control, goal orientation, and compensation are significant determinants of employee performance in Indonesian Sharia savings and loan cooperatives. These findings suggest that optimizing employee performance requires an integrated approach that strengthens employees' psychological capacities while providing appropriate organizational support through compensation systems. This study contributes to the human performance literature by demonstrating the combined influence of psychological and organizational factors within a single structural model, offering a more comprehensive understanding of employee performance in the context of Sharia cooperative organizations.
Downloads
References
Akuffo-Aduamah, C. C. N. (2025). The impact of compensation on employees' performance in organizations. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Research, 13(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.53075/Ijmsirq/098736342
Cherian, J., & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of self-efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n14p80
Idris, A., Adi, K. R., Soetjipto, B. E., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2020). The mediating role of job satisfaction on compensation, work environment, and employee performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(2), 735–750.
Leva, M. C., Demichela, M., Comberti, L., & Caimo, A. (2022). Human performance in manufacturing tasks: Optimization and assessment of required workload and capabilities. Safety Science, 154, 105838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105838
Lu, X., Kluemper, D. H., & Tu, Y. (2023). When does hindrance appraisal strengthen the effect of challenge appraisal? The role of goal orientation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(9), 1464–1485. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2749
Prasetyo, I., Endarti, E. W., Endarto, B., Aliyyah, N., Rusdiyanto, Tjaraka, H., Kalbuana, N., & Rochman, A. S. (2021). Effect of compensation and discipline on employee performance: A case study. Journal of Hunan University, 48(6).
Pulungan, P. I. S., & Rivai, H. A. (2021). Pengaruh locus of control dan efikasi diri terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan keterikatan karyawan sebagai variabel intervening pada PT Semen Padang. Menara Ekonomi, 7(1).
Rinny, P., Purba, C. B., & Handiman, U. T. (2020). The influence of compensation, job promotion, and job satisfaction on employee performance of Mercubuana University. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management, 5(2), 39–48.
Riyadi, S. (2019). The influence of job satisfaction, work environment, individual characteristics, and compensation toward job stress and employee performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(3), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.6920
Samudi. (2022). Pengaruh locus of control, self-esteem, dan efikasi diri terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening di Kementerian Agama Lebak Banten. Jurnal Aksioma Ad-Diniyyah, 10(2), 123–152.
Syah, A., & Safrida. (2024). The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employee performance: Locus of control and self-efficacy. Qubahan Academic Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.58429/qaj.v4n1a196
Travis, T. W., & Brown, D. L. (2023). Human performance optimization: A framework for the Military Health System. Military Medicine, 188(Suppl. 1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac394
Triansyah, F. A., Hejin, W., & Stefania, S. (2023). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic review. Journal Markcount Finance, 1(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.55849/jmf.v1i2.102
Tuffaha, M. (2020). The determinants of employee performance: A literature review. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3), 14–24.
Zhou, Q., & Zheng, X. (2023). Socially responsible human resource management and employee green behavior at work: The role of learning goal orientation and moral identity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2192358
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Nur Shafiqah, Novi Darmayanti , Rifky ardhana Kisno saputra (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
